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    The beep.patch file contains calls to exec (the ! command). Applying the patch RUNS code.

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      Can you go into more details on this? What does it run?

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        I recommend viewing it for yourself of course, but for your convenience:

        https://github.com/holeybeep/holeybeep/blob/e971461c5b4a12d3291b6553af8872a740d70f01/beep.patch#L62

        !id>~/pwn.lol;beep
        

        id prints information about the uid and gids of the current process. >~/pwn.lol directs that output to a file in your home directory (or some home directory, depending on how you run this). Then beep emits a beep.

        That patch is able to execute arbitrary commands was discussed here recently.